Checkered Democratic History Of Pakistan – CSS Essay

The essay is about “checkered democratic history of Pakistan. Evolution of democratic system in Pakistan CSS. Suggestions for democracy in Pakistan. checkered democratic history of Pakistan “.

Checkered Democratic History Of Pakistan

Introduction

• Pakistan was meant to be an Islamic democratic state.
• Despite passing of more than seventy years, democratic values in the country could not flourish.

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Checkered Democratic History

• Limited Marital Law in Punjab in 1954 in Tehrik-i-Khatm-e-Nabuwat by Major General Muhammad Azam Khan (Maulana Abu-al-Alaa Maudoodi and Maulana Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi arrested)
• President Iskandar Mirza dismissal of ministries and declaration of emergency on 7 October 1958. Ayub Khan took over on 27 October.  Adopted new constitution.
• Ayub Khan imposed Martial Law on 25^th March by abrogating constitution. Yahya Khan took over on 25^th March 1969 as President and Marital Law administrator. Fall of Dhaka
• Zulfiqar took over on 20^th December 1971.
• Elections of 1977. Creation of Pakistan National Alliance (PNA). Rigging allegations. 4^th July announced fresh elections but crises provided an excellent opportunity to military take over.
• Zia took over on 5^th July 1977. Initial statement of holding elections in 90 days. Died in accidental plane crash on 17 August 1988.
• Benazir Bhutto became PM on 1^st December 1988 with 93 out of 207 NA seats (Marginal majority). Nawaz Sharif was CM Punjab. Due to conflict with President Ghulam Ishaq Khan on Chief Of Army Staff and Chief Judges appointment, Ghulam Ishaq Khan through 58.2.B dissolved National Assembly in August 1990.
• Elections held in October 1990. Nawaz having support of 153 NA members became Prime Minister. Benazir Bhutto offer for 8^th amendment repeal. Sudden death of COAS Asif Nawaz in 1993, differences emerged between Prime Minister and President. Ghulam Ishaq Khan dissolved National Assembly on 18^th April 1993. Supreme Court judgment restored Nawaz government on 26 May 1993. On 18^th July 1993, on advised on PM Nawaz Ghulam Ishaq Khan dissolved NA.
• Benazir Bhutto became PM after October 1993 election by securing comparative majority (86 party’s votes plus 35 independent = 121 seats against Nawaz 72). Party’s General Secretary FarooqLaghari became president. Due to law and order situation, family feuds, horse trading and chief judges appointment create a rift between PM and President. Laghari dissolved NA on 5^th November 1996.
• Nawaz became PM on 18 February 1997. Passed 13^th amendment. Laghari resigned in disgrace on 2^nd December 1997. Justice Retired RafiqTarar became President on 31^st December 1997. Passed 14^th amendment (horse trading). Removal of COAS Jhangir Karamat and appointment of Pervez Musharaf on 7^th Octber 1998. Appointment of Lt. General Zia-ud-Din. Return of Musharaf from Sri Lanka on 12 Oct. 1999. Took over on 13^th Oct. 1999.
• Musharaf proclaimed emergency (neither martial law nor president-ship). Became Chief Executive on 14^th October 1999. Promulgated PCO 14^th October 1999 (governance, orders of Chief Executive), LFO on 21^st August 2002. Quit from President Office in August 2008 due to mounting pressure of public.

Causes Of Interruption

• Military and bureaucracy intervention
• Delay in constitution making
• Misuse of power
• Immature political behavior
• Foreign intervention
• Institutional conflicts
• Alteration of constitution for self-motives
• Political instability

Current Situation

• Still evolving
• Political instability
• Military intervention (indirect)

Conclusion